If you've followed along so far, this sentence should be fairly easy. It only introduces one new kanji and two new words.
浦島太郎はまた船にのって海で魚をつっていました。
The sentence is a te-form followed by a progressive polite past tense.
Topic (and subject): 浦島太郎 (marked with は): Urashima Tarou.
また: "again" or "once more"
船 (ふね, fune): "boat, ship" followed by the particle に ("in")
船 is the only new kanji, an N3 occurring in 21 common words, all of which are about shipping or (sometimes) about air travel.
のって: te-form of 乗る (のる, noru): "to board," "to embark."
Knowing the tense of the main verb, we can translate this first half as:
"Urashima Tarou boarded his boat once again and..."
海で: at sea, on the sea
魚を: fish (object)
つっていました: progressive polite past tense of "to fish."
So the second half is: "[He] was fishing on the sea."
The whole sentence: "Urashima Tarou boarded his boat once more and was fishing on the sea."
In the previous post, we said that the previous sentence, a full sentence in Japanese but more like an adverbial in English, could be added to this sentence. So the combination of the 8th and 9th sentences would then be:
"And then, one day, only 2 or 3 years later, Urashima Tarou boarded his boat once more and was fishing on the sea."
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